Chapter 29: Adverbs

	Introduction
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Chapter 29

Adverbs

29.1 Adverbs formed from adjectives

Most adverbs are formed by removing the final -ы or -і from the adjective and adding -а to the ending. If the stress in the adjective falls on the last or next to the last syllable, it shifts to the first syllable for the adverb.

блізкі	close	блізка	closely
важны	important	важна	importantly
вясёлы	happy	весела	happily
дакладны	precise	дакладна	precisely
ранні	early	ранна	early
ціхі	quiet	ціха	quietly

29.2 Compound adverbs

These adverbs are formed by adding 'па-' to the front of the adjective. When certain possesive adjectives are formed from animate nouns, they can be made into adverbs indicating similarity of behavior to the animate noun.

дзіцячы	child's	па-дзіцячы	childishly
воўчы	wolf's	па-воўчы	like a wolf

Ordinal numbers form adverbs by declining the adjective for the nominative neuter case and adding the prefix.

першы	first	па-першае	firstly
другі	second	па-другое	secondly
трэці	third	па-трэцяе	thirdly

Some adjectives, especially ones denoting language or nationality, form an adverb by appending the prefix and changing the final -і to an -у.

беларускі	Belarusian	па-беларуску	in Belarusian
брацкі	brother's	па-брацку	like a brother
англійскі	English	па-англійску	in English

29.3 The adverbs болей, меней, больш and менш

The adverbs болей and больш mean more, and меней and меньш mean less. See Section 6.4 for more on the usage of these adverbs.

Сястры ён болей не ўбачыць.	He will not see his sister anymore.
Куды болей за іх баяўся Ізяслаў.	Izyaslau feared his own people much more than them.
У жыцці, аднак, усё сталася болей складана і меней шчасліва.	In life, however, everything became more complicated and less happy.

Кожны з якіх збіў больш за 100 нашых самалётаў.	Each of which destroyed more than 100 of our planes.
Я памкнуўся бліжэй, і Франі больш не пабачыў.	I strove closer, and I did not see Franya any more.
Яна, тым не менш, таіла ў сабе неразгаданую загадку.	She nevertheless concealed within herself an unsolved riddle.
Ён пачаў менш успамінаць былое.	He started to remember the past less.

29.4 Comparative and superlative adverbs

There are two ways to form the comparative and two ways to form the superlative form of an adverb. The short comparative form is the more common of the two. It is identical to the short comparative adjective. Section 6.1 covers its formation thoroughly. Not all adverbs have a short comparative form, but all adverbs can also form a comparative by preceding the adverb with болей or больш.

На вайне куды болей партэбна такая вось дужасць.	In war, such strength is needed much more.
Рабілася ўсё болей сцюдзёна на гэтым ветраным узлеску.	It became much colder in this windy forest edge.

«Размова пра паходы скочана» сказаў больш лагодна.	"All talk of the march is finished," he said good-naturedly.
Гэта ідэя будзе больш выгадна.	This idea will be more profitable.

There are two ways of forming the superlative adverb. The first is to precede the adverb with either найбольш, most. The second way is to follow the adverb by the phrase за ўсё or за ўсіх.

Нас маглі накіраваць куды заўгодна, але найбольш верагодна — у стралковы батальён.	They could place us wherever is convenient, but most likely, it will be into a rifle battalion.
Але найбольш зацята я не хацеў стаць кампазітарам.	But most stubbornly, I did not want to become a composer.

Але болей за ўсё яму дакучала адчуванне голаду.	But mostly, he felt cravings of hunger.
Болей за ўсё верагодна, што ён адчуў непажаданую пэрспэктыву адзіноты.	It was most likely that he felt the unwanted perspective of loneliness.

29.5 Miscellaneous adverbs

There are many important adverbs that are not derived from adjectives. A very few of them are listed here.

дзе	where	куды	to where
тут	here	сюды	to here
там	there	туды	to there
нідзе	nowhere	нікуды	not to anywhere
усюды	everywhere
		адкуль	from where
дома	at home	адсюль	from here
дадому	to home	адтуль	from there
		ніадкуль	not from anywhere
калі	when
цяпер	now	сёння	today
зараз	immediately	заўтра	tomorrow
тады	then	учора	yesterday
ніколі	never
заўсёды	always	вельмі	very
		зноў	again
як	how	ледзь	barely
так	so/that way	надта	significantly
неяк	some way	крыху	a little
ніяк	no way	шмат	a lot
		многа	much/many

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	Introduction

Copyright (c) 2004 Christian Cardell Marchant.
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